For any fruit, we are particularly interested in the earliest varieties. Often they are not very tasty, but we are waiting for them to ripen, because they are the first this year! Among apple trees, one of these varieties is the old, well-deserved Papirovka - a variety of folk selection, known since the 19th century. Everyone knows her white apples, and although this variety is far from the best, but it pleases gardeners with a very early harvest.
Grade description
Many people think that Papirovka is the famous White Pouring. Serious scientific disputes are still being held on this subject, and the arguments for and against such a situation are cited. For example, the All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Breeding (Oryol) believes that this is indeed so. At the same time, the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, in which Papirovka was included in 1947, considers it and Poured White as two different varieties. So did I.V. Michurin himself.
A deep historical study of the issue gives reason to trust Gosrestrestr. However, it turns out that the differences between the varieties are not significant. Both the one and the other varieties have been known for a very long time; and the tree and its fruits differ to a minimum extent. Therefore, the fact that Papirovka is mainly called White Bulk in our country does not represent anything bad. Yes, and the kids in the middle of the summer are somehow more logical to hunt for "cordial".
Paprika is considered the Baltic variety, one of its official names in the State Register sounds like this: Pouring white Baltic. In addition, she is known as Alabaster.
The variety is widespread both in our country and in Germany, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine. It is believed that he got the name from the word "Papyr" (paper). The fruit of Papirovka is slightly larger than that of a real white filling. Experts consider the presence of a “seam” on the skin to be the most characteristic difference.
Papirovka is an early summer high-yielding variety. There are so many fruits and they are so poorly stored that, unfortunately, a huge part of the crop simply disappears, but the apple tree manages to please the many who wish with the first vitamin apples. On the basis of Papirovka, breeders obtained several dozen new, more valuable varieties, but it still does not leave amateur gardens.
Papiroki apples hang on other branches like berries on a sea buckthorn
Honestly, it was precisely because of the impossibility to process the entire crop (and we were taught: “Save everything grown!”) And we had to remove the Papirovka tree from the site. Let Melba keep up even later, but she gives time to deal with apples. It’s very painful to watch how Pouring disappears, and you can’t do anything with it.
Trees in this variety are medium in size. Crohn in his youth is widely pyramidal, with age takes a rounded shape. The trunk is light gray, young shoots are brownish-olive. Leaves of medium size, slightly pubescent, grayish-green. The buds and flowers are large, pale pink. Fruiting is concentrated on the glove, starting at 3 or 4 years of age.
The papier is distinguished by good winter hardiness, and this applies to both wood and flower buds. Scab resistance is medium.
Apples ripen in late July or early August. Harvest from one apple tree is about 100 kg of fruit, in especially fruitful years - up to two hundred. True, after record harvests for the next year, yields drop dramatically, and with age can even become periodic. Therefore, the weighted average yield for the entire life time of the tree is not considered high. The trees at Papirovka are very tenacious, the fruiting period lasts up to 55 years.
Fruits of medium size, weighing 70-100 g (on young trees up to 150 g), round-conical or conical, slightly ribbed, with a longitudinal seam, color from pure white to yellow. There is no blush or any integumentary coloration, but numerous large subcutaneous dots of a greenish color are observed. The pulp is white, tender, friable, with a strong aroma, juice content is average. The taste of a normally ripened apple is excellent, sweet and sour. However, this period does not last very long, and when overripe, the flesh becomes powdery, succulent, "like potatoes."
Fresh apples Papirovki are very tasty, but this joy does not last long
Apples hold on to trees more firmly than Grushovka of Moscow, but in drought the percentage of carrion droppings is very high. The purpose of the harvest is mainly fresh consumption, apples are ready for this directly on the tree. Excess amount is processed into juice, wine, jam, etc. Papirovka is a variety for local consumption: the fruits are completely unsuitable for transportation; they are stored for a very short time, not more than 3 weeks. However, during this time, the quality of the fruit drops sharply. It also falls from the slightest bruises, manifested in the darkening of the skin and the formation of dents with their subsequent decay.
Papirovka still has not lost its role in private gardens because of the following advantages:
- undemanding to growing conditions;
- good winter hardiness;
- early dates for ripening apples;
- high (at a young age) and average productivity for the whole life;
- versatility of crop use;
- excellent taste of fresh fruits;
- early maturity.
The disadvantages are:
- very low mobility;
- extremely short shelf life;
- simultaneous ripening of the whole crop;
- fruiting frequency in adulthood.
Planting apple varieties Papiroka: step by step instructions
Paprika is a variety that is completely unpretentious to the growing conditions. On loamy soils it can grow even without fertilizers, but, of course, like any apple tree, it will be gratefully accepted. Frankly clay soils need to be slightly corrected by adding sand and humus, strongly acidic soils - to produce (chalk, dolomite flour, slaked lime). Apple trees of this variety grow and bear fruit even on sand, on hillocks, etc., but do not like the very close location of groundwater.
Papirovka's trees are rather big; they require spacious placement
When planting several trees between them, a distance of about 4 meters must be observed. It is necessary to leave 2.5 m to the nearest building or fence. It is desirable that this fence was from the side of the coldest winds, and from the other sides the tree was well illuminated by the sun. Papiroka can be planted both in autumn and spring, but in the regions north of Moscow, spring planting is preferable, although autumn planting is somewhat simpler: in spring, this usually lacks time. Planting is no different from planting apple trees of most other varieties.
For autumn planting, a hole is dug for at least a week, for spring it must be done in the fall. Autumn planting is carried out after leaf fall. Of course, seedlings begin to sell earlier, they even come with leaves. Better to wait, buy one that is dug without leaves. And if you really liked the "greenback", it is better to immediately tear off the leaves. The approximate course of landing work is familiar to any summer resident.
- Digging a landing hole, it is better to do it in the summer. The minimum dimensions are 70 x 70 x 70 cm, but on heavy soils these figures are better to increase. The lower layer of earth, from which there is little sense, is taken out of the site, the upper one is kept.
After digging, only the topsoil will be returned to the pit.
- If the soil is clay, a 10-centimeter layer of drainage (gravel, broken brick, just coarse sand) is laid at the bottom of the pit.
Drainage prevents water accumulation in the pit and root decay
- The preserved upper fertile soil layer is thoroughly mixed with fertilizers: one and a half buckets of humus, 100 g of superphosphate, a couple of handful of wood ash. Pour the prepared mixture into the pit. Allow the pit to stand for at least a week (if it is very dry, you need to pour 1-2 buckets of water into it).
You can mix fertilizers with the soil with a shovel, but with your hands it is more reliable
- The seedling brought to the site is lowered at least for a day with its roots in the water. After that, the roots are dipped in a mash, made of clay and mullein (3: 1) and diluted with water to the consistency of liquid sour cream. If there is no mullein, then just a clay mash.
The purpose of the talker is to improve the survival of the tree
- They take out so much soil from the pit so that the roots of the seedling can easily be placed in the hole. A strong stake is planted next to the future sapling for the garter of the tree, a seedling is put in a pit, the roots are straightened and covered with soil so that it surrounds the roots without gaps.
If the roots are bent, the hole must be increased so that the seedling is located freely
- They trample the earth with their feet, making sure that the root neck remains 5-6 cm above the ground level. Subsequently, it will lower as required. To make it easier to follow, you can put any board, stick, spade, etc. on the edges of the pit.
If the neck has remained above the soil, it’s not scary: in a couple of days the earth will condense and the tree will fall
- Tie a sapling to the stake, using the known method of "eight".
"Eight" firmly holds the barrel and does not injure him
- A roller is made along the edges of the planting pit so that irrigation water does not run away, and the seedling is watered with 2-3 buckets of water. Mulch the soil with peat, dry grass or any other loose material.
The last bucket of water should go into the ground in a few minutes
When planting a tall one-year-old, the stem is shortened by 20-30 cm. In a two-year-old, the side branches are cut by a third. Although, of course, in cold regions it is better to leave this pruning for the spring.
Closer to winter, the trunk should be protected from frost and rodents by tying it with the spruce conifer trees or at least kapron tights. With snow falling, it is necessary to throw it in the trunk circle.
Features of cultivation and subtleties of care
Papier is growing even among lazy people. Of course, with this, the yield decreases with age, the apple tree grows with extra branches and moss, but still bears fruit. And so that she could live well, and the owner would receive excellent harvests, Papirovka, like any tree, should be looked after. Fortunately, caring for her is simple and involves basic procedures.
In the early spring, an adult tree should be approached with a hacksaw, cut out all broken, diseased and obviously extra branches, cover the sections with garden varieties. To tear away the burnt bark and burn it. Now it is believed that in not too harsh climatic conditions, apple trees can be cut even in summer, but we must not forget to gloss over the slices. In summer, it is better to walk only with a pruner, cut off young shoots that have decided not to grow in the right direction. A forming pruning is best done when the tree is not in the most active state: in March or October.
With any pruning, the main thing is to lighten the crown as much as possible
In order for the tree to take the desired shape, the branches need to be cut annually. There is nothing complicated in this, the main thing is to prevent thickening, cut tops (growing vertically upwards) and branches growing at sharp angles to the trunk and skeletal branches. When cutting, no stumps are left, even a shortening pruning of any branch should be carried out so that the cut is transferred to a branch of a smaller order.
It is easy to remember a simple rule: if we shorten to the outer kidney, the new shoot will go to the side, and if to the inner - vertically.
Papirovka has medium disease resistance, therefore, immediately after spring pruning, it is worth treating the tree with simple fungicides, for example, Bordeaux liquid. If in the summer there are problems with the scab, the processing will have to be repeated in the fall. The rest of the care for the apple consists of watering and feeding. In the first years, loosening of the near-stem circle with the removal of weeds is also necessary.
Papirovka likes to drink a lot: after all, it is distinguished by abundant harvests of juicy apples. The apple tree especially needs moisture during periods of flowering and intensive growth of fruits. Young trees are watered in a drought weekly, adults - twice a month. Mandatory and abundant winter watering, which is carried out shortly before the onset of frost.
The roller is often left for adult trees: it’s more convenient to water
Fertilize Papirovka in the same way as other varieties of apple trees. Once every several years, a pair of humus buckets is buried in small pits along the periphery of the trunk circle. Mineral fertilizers are often used: for example, in early spring, urea or ammonium nitrate is scattered under a tree and lightly planted in the soil (1 tablespoon per 1 m2 trunk circle). Immediately after flowering, they give complete mineral fertilizer, for example, azofoska, in the fall - superphosphate and wood ash.
Diseases and pests: the main types and solutions to the problem
Papermaking is moderately resistant to the main types of diseases, therefore prophylactic spraying with fungicides is highly desirable. In addition, the prevention of diseases is the whitewashing of trunks and large branches, which is carried out before the onset of winter. In addition to the lime itself, chemical preparations are also added to the composition of the solution. For example, an effective composition is the following:
- slaked lime - 1 kg;
- silicate glue - 2 tablespoons;
- soap (better tar) - 20 g;
- clay - 2 kg;
- water - up to 10 liters.
Of course, in case of serious diseases, urgent and cardinal treatment is necessary. Scab is often overpowered - a dangerous fungal disease. It is characterized by yellow-green, and then brown spots on the leaves, passing on to the fruit. The fruits deteriorate, crack, deform. Basically, the disease affects the apple tree with high humidity. Prevention of scab are:
- timely cleaning and destruction of fallen leaves;
- removal of diseased branches;
- stripping of the lagging bark followed by disinfection with a solution of copper sulfate;
- whitewashing a tree for the winter;
- spraying wood with chemicals (Fitosporin-M, Zircon, Bordeaux liquid).
Sick trees are treated with fungicides (vitriol, Chorus, Skor, etc.).
Scab turns most of the crop into unappetizing spoiled apples
In addition to scab, Papiroka is threatened by:
- Powdery mildew - looks like white pubescence of leaves. Subsequently, this pubescence becomes brown, the leaves dry out, and the disease is transferred to the fruit. In the treatment of effective drugs Topaz, Skor or Strobi.
Powdery mildew pretty much affects Papiroka, especially in wet weather
- Fruit rot, or moniliosis, is a disease in which the fruit rots already on the branches. Since Papiroka is rarely considered a very valuable variety, they do not deal with treatments with a small development of the disease. If the matter has gone far, use the drugs Skor or Fundazole.
When moniliosis apples rot already on a tree
- Cytosporosis is a very dangerous fungal disease in which the affected areas of the cortex are covered with small reddish tubercles and soon dry out. A disease can quickly destroy a tree. In the case of a severe lesion, treatment is impossible, but if you notice, it is necessary to cut the affected areas, affecting neighboring healthy ones, and disinfect the sections with a solution of copper sulfate.
Cytosporosis is a dangerous disease that leads to the death of the whole tree.
- Black cancer is an almost fatal disease. Affected bark, skeletal branches, foliage, fruits. The infected bark looks like burnt. At the same time, it seems that the wood is coated with soot. With early detection, treatment is possible. It, as in cytosporosis, is surgical: all infected areas with healthy wood are cut out and treated with copper sulfate, after which they are covered with garden varnish or oil paint.
Black cancer is treated only at the initial stage
Paprika is affected by the same main pests as other varieties of apple trees, for example:
- Flower beetle - a small black-brown bug with a proboscis, affects the buds, which soon turn brown and dry. It is difficult to fight with chemicals (since it is active during flowering), they usually use a mechanical method.Early in the morning, while it is still cold, the numbing sleeping flower beetles are shaken off on any convenient bedding and collected.
This proboscis bug can destroy more than half of the buds.
- Apple green aphid is a small insect that sucks juices from young leaves and shoots, after which they dry out. Aphids breed all summer. Fortunately, various folk remedies are effective against it, such as, for example, an infusion of tobacco dust, tomato tops or a wormwood broth.
From invasion of aphids, it happens that young trees even die
- Codling moth is a small white butterfly whose larvae are known to everyone. These are the very “worms” we meet in apples. Completely destroy the moth can only be a serious spraying of apple trees with chemicals. However, the use of the simplest fishing belts and the timely collection of fallen apples minimize crop losses to a minimum.
The result of the action of the moth is known even to a child
Grade Reviews
A good summer variety, if not for one big minus, and this is a predisposition to powdery mildew.
Oleg
//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-11904.html
According to my observations, Papirovka for someone to look after for 20 years is nonsense, and if you do not take care of it, it runs wild for 3-5 years beyond recognition. Source: //smoldacha.ru/forum/plodovye_kultury/topic_763
Yuri
//smoldacha.ru/forum/plodovye_kultury/topic_763
I've been watching Papiroka for more than half a century. In the area of the plot near the trees, the shape and size of the fruits are very varied ... About the White filling I can say that this summer variety can be planted only out of a sense of nostalgia. Apples are not very tasty, especially since summer. At one time, we removed the apple tree of this variety.
Evgeniev
//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=10388&start=195
I have two such trees, moreover, one tree has grown very tall and this makes me have problems harvesting, and if a ripe apple falls, then it completely breaks.
"Athanasque"
//forumsadovodov.com.ua/viewtopic.php?p=5413
The majority of gardeners know how to make a folder like White Bulk. And, although this is not exactly the same thing, out of habit they call her that and love her for treating us with apples one of the first. This variety has not disappeared from amateur gardens for the third century. Despite the fact that the fruits are not stored for long, Papirovka manages to satisfy the natural desire to quickly eat the first tasty and healthy apples in the year.
